The rapid advancement in ‘omics’ technologies and integration of data science in preclinical, translational and clinical research have enabled the characterisation of tumour landscapes at a spatial, temporal, local and systemic level, with unprecedented resolution. The combination of big data, sophisticated computational approaches, including artificial intelligence, and state-of-the-art preclinical and translational efforts has been integral to elucidating the intricate interplay between cancer cells, stromal components, the immune system and exogenous factors, such as diet and environmental conditions. Understanding how these contributions shape the broader tumour ecosystem in space and time during malignant progression and in response to therapy, is instrumental for the development of innovative diagnostic approaches and therapeutics ranging from targeted therapies to immunotherapies. This meeting will bring together experts across disciplines to discuss recent technological, biological, translational and clinical advances into how to translate the current knowledge of the tumour ecosystem to the clinic, and how clinical findings can in turn inform further biological exploration.